Combatting Muscle Loss in Obese Adult Patients on GLP-1 Medications Through Dietary Counseling and Exercise During Treatment Evaluates Whether a 12-week Exercise and Individualized Nutrition Program Can Reduce Muscle and Bone Loss and Improve Strength, Fitness, and Function in Obese Adults on GLP-1

Part of paid clinical trials in Houston, Texas.

Sponsor
William Marsh Rice University
Study ID
NCT07554417
Phase
PHASE4
Status
Not Yet Recruiting

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Conditions

  • Dietary Assessment
  • Exercise Intervention
  • GLP - 1
  • Muscle Loss
  • Obesity & Overweight

Eligibility Criteria

Sex
ALL
Age
40 Years - 55 Years
Healthy Volunteers
Not accepted

Interventions

  • Semaglutide — DRUG
    FDA-approved GLP-1 receptor agonist administered once weekly per standard of care
  • Dietary Counseling — BEHAVIORAL
    Weekly individualized nutrition counseling focused on nutrition education, meal planning, and macronutrient intake to support lean mass preservation during GLP-1 therapy.
  • Exercise — BEHAVIORAL
    A 12-week supervised and progressive exercise program consisting of resistance training and aerobic exercise performed three times per week at the Rice University Wellness Center.

Study Details

Obesity remains a critical public health challenge and is associated with increased rates of morbidity, mortality, and chronic disease worldwide. In recent years, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, such as semaglutide, have emerged as highly effective pharmacological treatments for obesity, producing substantial weight loss and favorable metabolic improvements. These medications are now widely prescribed, with estimates suggesting that nearly 12% of Americans are currently using or have previously used GLP-1 therapies. Despite their demonstrated benefits, growing evidence indicates that GLP-1-associated weight loss may be accompanied by unintended reductions in skeletal muscle and bone mass. This potential side effect is of increasing concern, as muscle and bone are essential for metabolic health, physical function, injury prevention, and recovery from illness or surgical intervention. Loss of skeletal muscle during weight reduction may negatively impact strength, mobility, insulin sensitivity, and long-term health outcomes. These risks may be further compounded in individuals experiencing reduced physical activity, mechanical unloading, or prolonged caloric deficits. In clinical and surgical populations, such as individuals undergoing orthopedic procedures, mechanical unloading and disuse already predispose patients to muscle and bone atrophy. When combined with pharmacologically induced weight loss, these factors may further hinder recovery, impair functional capacity, and compromise musculoskeletal integrity. As GLP-1 therapies are increasingly adopted across diverse populations, understanding how to preserve lean mass and bone health during treatment has become an important clinical and public health priority. Exercise training, particularly resistance training, combined with appropriate nutritional support, has consistently been shown to preserve and enhance skeletal muscle and bone mass during weight loss. Structured exercise interventions can mitigate sarcopenia and osteopenia while improving muscular strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, metabolic health, and overall physical function. Similarly, individualized dietary counseling, particularly when focused on adequate protein intake and nutrient timing, plays a critical role in supporting muscle protein synthesis and skeletal health during caloric restriction. Together, these lifestyle strategies may not only counteract the potential adverse musculoskeletal effects associated with GLP-1 therapy but also enhance treatment efficacy by improving cardiovascular risk profiles, insulin sensitivity, systemic inflammation, and physical resilience. Despite the growing use of GLP-1 medications, there remains a limited body of prospective research examining structured lifestyle interventions specifically designed to preserve muscle and bone mass during GLP-1-induced weight loss. Addressing this gap is essential to ensure that pharmacological obesity treatments support long-term health, functional independence, and quality of life. Integrating exercise and nutrition interventions into GLP-1 treatment protocols may represent a scalable and clinically meaningful strategy to optimize outcomes and reduce unintended consequences of rapid weight loss. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether a structured lifestyle intervention combining exercise and individualized nutritional counseling can mitigate skeletal muscle mass loss in obese adults undergoing treatment with GLP-1 receptor agonists. The primary objective of this study is to determine whether participation in a structured 12-week exercise program, in conjunction with individualized dietary counseling, preserves skeletal muscle mass and bone mineral density during GLP-1 therapy. Secondary objectives include assessing changes in muscular strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, and overall functional capacity. Findings from this study aim to inform best practices for integrating lifestyle interventions with pharmacological obesity treatments and to support safer, more effective, and functionally protective approaches to weight management in adults receiving GLP-1 therapy.

Key Dates

Start date
Apr 6, 2026
Status verified
Apr 2026
Primary completion
Jun 29, 2026
Completion
Aug 6, 2026

Study Design

Enrollment
20 participants (estimated)
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT

Arms

  • Active Comparator: Control Arm: GLP-1 Therapy Alone
    Participants receive standard-of-care GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy (semaglutide) without additional exercise or dietary counseling.
  • Experimental: Treatment Arm: GLP-1 Therapy + Exercise and Dietary Counseling
    Participants receive standard-of-care GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy (semaglutide) in combination with a 12-week structured exercise program and weekly individualized dietary counseling.

Primary Outcome Measure

Change in Skeletal Muscle Mass [ Time Frame: Baseline to 12 weeks ]

Central Contacts

Locations (1)

FacilityCityStateZIPSite coordinators
Rice UniversityHoustonTexas77005-

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By research site
Rice University· Houston, TX

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