A Prospective, Multicenter, Single-Arm Phase II Exploratory Study of Serplulimab Combined With Oncolytic Virus H101, Short-Course Radiotherapy, and XELOX Chemotherapy as Total Neoadjuvant Treatment for Locally Advanced (cT1-3N0M0) Rectal Cancer

Sponsor
Chongqing University Cancer Hospital
Study ID
NCT07543848
Phase
PHASE2
Status
Not Yet Recruiting

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Conditions

  • Rectal Adenocarcinoma
  • Rectal Neoplasms

Eligibility Criteria

Sex
ALL
Age
18 Years - 80 Years
Healthy Volunteers
Not accepted

Interventions

  • Serplulimab — DRUG
    Serplulimab is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1). It will be administered intravenously at a fixed dose of 300 mg on Day 1 of each 3-week cycle for a total of 6 cycles. Serplulimab is given in combination with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and oncolytic virus therapy as part of total neoadjuvant treatment. The aim is to enhance anti-tumor immune response and improve treatment efficacy.
  • Oncolytic Virus H101 — BIOLOGICAL
    H101 is a recombinant human adenovirus type 5 oncolytic virus that selectively replicates in and lyses tumor cells while stimulating anti-tumor immune responses. It will be administered by intratumoral injection on Day 1 of Cycle 1 and Day 1 of Cycle 4. The dose will be determined based on tumor size. H101 is used in combination with immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy to enhance tumor cell killing and improve immune activation.
  • XELOX Chemotherapy — DRUG
    XELOX chemotherapy consists of oxaliplatin and capecitabine. Oxaliplatin will be administered intravenously at a dose of 130 mg/m² on Day 1, and capecitabine will be given orally at a dose of 1000 mg/m² twice daily from Day 1 to Day 14 of each 3-week cycle. A total of 6 cycles will be administered. Chemotherapy is combined with immunotherapy, radiotherapy, and oncolytic virus therapy to improve tumor response.
  • Short-course Radiotherapy — RADIATION
    Short-course radiotherapy will be delivered to the rectal tumor using intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). The total dose is 25 Gy administered in 5 fractions over one week. Radiotherapy is given during the treatment course in combination with immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and oncolytic virus therapy. It aims to enhance local tumor control and stimulate anti-tumor immune response.

Study Details

This study aims to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a combination treatment including a PD-1 inhibitor (serplulimab), oncolytic virus H101, short-course radiotherapy, and XELOX chemotherapy as total neoadjuvant therapy in patients with locally advanced low rectal cancer (cT1-3N0M0). In this prospective, multicenter, single-arm phase II study, eligible patients will receive a standardized treatment regimen consisting of intratumoral injection of oncolytic virus H101, short-course radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy over multiple cycles. Tumor response will be assessed using imaging, endoscopy, and clinical evaluation after completion of treatment. The primary objective is to determine the 1-year clinical complete response rate. Secondary outcomes include tumor response rate, organ preservation rate, survival outcomes, and treatment safety. The results of this study may help improve treatment strategies for rectal cancer, increase the rate of complete response, and provide more opportunities for organ preservation while maintaining safety.

Key Dates

Start date
May 1, 2026
Status verified
Apr 2026
Primary completion
Dec 31, 2028
Completion
Dec 31, 2028

Study Design

Enrollment
20 participants (estimated)
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
TREATMENT

Arms

  • Experimental: Serplulimab + H101 + Short-course Radiotherapy + XELOX
    Participants with low rectal adenocarcinoma (cT1-3N0M0) will receive total neoadjuvant therapy consisting of intratumoral oncolytic virus H101, short-course radiotherapy, serplulimab, and XELOX chemotherapy. H101 will be administered on Day 1 of Cycle 1 and Day 1 of Cycle 4. Short-course radiotherapy will be delivered during treatment. Serplulimab and XELOX chemotherapy will be administered every 3 weeks according to the study protocol. Tumor response will be assessed after completion of treatment.

Primary Outcome Measure

1-year Clinical Complete Response Rate [ Time Frame: 1 year after completion of treatment ]

Central Contacts

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