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Food Insecurity and MASLD: A Fruit and Vegetable Intervention Study

This proposal addresses a critical gap in the understanding of the impact of household food insecurity (FI) on pediatric metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) severity. Evidence from adult studies links household FI to MASLD and liver fibrosis, and prior research of the PI has shown that exposure to household FI in early childhood was associated with a nearly fourfold increased odds of pediatric MASLD in middle childhood. Possible mechanisms linking household FI to pediatric MASLD include lower intake of fruits and vegetables, higher intake of caloric dense nutrient-poor foods (e.g., sugar-sweetened beverages), and less diversity of foods. Given consensus recommendations for the management of MASLD focus on lifestyle modification, i.e., diet and exercise to achieve weight loss, this proposal seeks to assess whether a clinic-based fruit/vegetable voucher intervention program (EatSF) could potentially improve clinical outcomes for children/adolescents with MASLD and household FI. Study participants include children/adolescents with household FI and MASLD who are receiving care at UCSF's liver clinic and Weight Management for Teen and Child Health (WATCH) Clinic, a pediatric subspecialty clinic. The study seeks to identify barriers and facilitators to fruit/vegetable voucher redemption, and assess changes in dietary intake, MASLD severity, and other cardiometabolic health factors in children participating in the pilot intervention. Study findings will form the basis of an R01 application to conduct a fully powered randomized controlled trial of the intervention.